Hauv cov zej zog cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub no, siab - internet ceev, kev sib txuas lus sib txuas lus, thiab kev xa cov ntaub ntawv tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau lub neej niaj hnub thiab kev lag luam. Optical fiber cables, raws li lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib txuas lus niaj hnub siv tshuab, tau siv dav hauv kev sib txuas lus thoob ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov neeg siv zoo tib yam, lub tswv yim ntawm cov fiber ntau optical cables tseem yuav tsis meej, thiab lawv tuaj yeem ua rau lawv tsis meej pem nrog cov cables lossis fais fab cables. Yog li, dab tsi raws nraim yog qhov optical fiber cable? Puas yog lub network cable lossis fais fab cable?
I. Kev txhais thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Optical Fiber Cables
Optical fiber cable yog ib qho kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab uas siv cov teeb liab teeb liab xa cov ntaub ntawv hauv iav los yog yas fibers. Nws muaj ntau yam khoom siv kho qhov muag, qhwv nrog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv sab nraud, thiab siv tau ntev - nrug, siab - nrawm, qis - cov ntaub ntawv xa mus. Cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau yog optical fiber kev sib txuas lus, uas xa cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub teeb pulses los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub teeb refraction thiab tag nrho cov sab hauv xav txog.
Piv nrog rau cov tsoos tooj liab cables, optical fiber cables muaj cov nram qab no zoo:
1. High- kis tau tus mob ceev: Kev sib kis ceev ntawm lub teeb liab yog ze rau qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb, nrog bandwidth ncav cuag ntau pua Gbps lossis txawm Tbps.
2. Kev poob qis: Cov teeb liab kho qhov muag muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg heev hauv cov fibers kho qhov muag, ua rau lawv haum rau qhov ntev - kis tau tus mob.
3. Interference Resistance: Optical fibers tsis yog -conductive thiab tiv thaiv electromagnetic cuam tshuam, ua rau lawv haum rau complex ib puag ncig.
4. Kev ruaj ntseg siab: Cov teeb liab kho qhov muag tsis yooj yim rau eavesdrop rau, ua kom cov ntaub ntawv ruaj ntseg.
5. Lub teeb yuag thiab compact: Optical cables yog me me thiab hnyav, yooj yim rau cabling.
Cov kab hluav taws xob kho qhov muag tau siv dav hauv kev sib txuas hauv is taws nem, kev sib txuas lus sib txuas lus, cov chaw zov me nyuam cov ntaub ntawv, kev lag luam LANs, thiab kev siv dav hauv tsev (xws li fiber ntau- mus rau --tsev).
II. Cov qauv thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm Optical Cables
Optical cables muaj ib tug complex tab sis sophisticated qauv, feem ntau muaj xws li cov nram qab no qhov chaw:
1. Fiber Core: Lub hauv paus ntawm cov fiber ntau kho qhov muag, ua los ntawm siab -purity iav los yog yas, lub luag hauj lwm rau kev xa cov teeb liab kho qhov muag. Cov tub ntxhais txoj kab uas hla yog feem ntau ntawm 8-62.5 micrometers (kwv yees li 8-10 micrometers rau ib hom fiber ntau thiab kwv yees li 50-62.5 micrometers rau multimode fiber).
2. Cladding: Ib txheej iav los yog yas nyob ib puag ncig ntawm cov tub ntxhais kho qhov muag fiber ntau, nrog qhov qis qis dua qhov ntsuas ntawm cov tub ntxhais, kom ntseeg tau tias cov teeb liab kho qhov muag raug xa mus rau hauv cov tub ntxhais los ntawm tag nrho cov kev xav sab hauv.
3. Txheej: Ib txheej yas mos tiv thaiv cov tub ntxhais kho qhov muag fiber ntau thiab cladding, tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj.
4. Txhim kho cov Cheebtsam: xws li aramid fibers lossis steel hlau, siv los txhim kho lub zog tensile ntawm optical cable.
5. Cov txheej txheej sab nrauv: txheej txheej tiv thaiv sab nraud, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm polyethylene (PE) lossis polyvinyl chloride (PVC), muab cov dej tsis zoo, tiv thaiv hluav taws, thiab ua kom puas.
6. Lwm yam Cheebtsam: Nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov, lub optical cable tej zaum yuav muaj xws li ib tug waterproof txheej, ib tug armor txheej (rau kev tiv thaiv nas), los yog nplaim taws - cov ntaub ntawv retardant.
Raws li kev siv ib puag ncig, cov kab hluav taws xob kho qhov muag tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom, xws li hauv tsev kho qhov muag cables, sab nraum zoov kho qhov muag cables, thiab submarine optical cables. Sab nraum zoov kho qhov muag cables feem ntau muaj kev tiv thaiv kev ua tau zoo dua, thaum lub submarine optical cables yuav tsum tiv taus siab -siab thiab corrosive ib puag ncig.
III. Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm ntawm Optical Cables
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm optical cables yog nyob ntawm qhov refraction thiab tag nrho sab hauv lub teeb ntawm lub teeb. Thaum lub teeb liab kho qhov muag (feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm laser lossis LED) nkag mus rau hauv cov tub ntxhais fiber ntau, nws rov qab rov qab tag nrho cov kev xav hauv nruab nrab hauv cov tub ntxhais vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov tub ntxhais thiab cladding, yog li propagating raws cov fiber. Cov ntaub ntawv yog encoded nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm optical pulses (xws li, ci pulses sawv cev "1", tsaus pulses sawv cev "0"), thiab photoelectric converters (xws li optical modules) hloov hluav taws xob teeb liab mus rau optical signals ntawm lub transmitting thiab txais xaus.
Fiber optic kev sib txuas lus systems feem ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
• Optical transmitter: Hloov cov teeb liab hluav taws xob mus rau cov teeb liab kho qhov muag.
• Optical fiber: Qhov nruab nrab rau kev xa cov teeb liab kho qhov muag.
• Optical receiver: Hloov cov teeb liab kho qhov muag rov qab mus rau cov teeb liab hluav taws xob.
• Optical amplifier: Txhim kho cov teeb liab kho qhov muag thiab txo qis attenuation thaum lub sij hawm ntev - kis tau tus mob.
Tib - hom fiber ntau yog tsim rau ntev - kis tau tus mob (xws li transnational submarine cables), thaum multimode fiber yog haum rau luv luv - nrug, siab - bandwidth daim ntaub ntawv (xws li cov ntaub ntawv hauv chaw sib txuas).
IV. Qhov sib txawv ntawm Optical Cables, Network Cables, thiab Hluav Taws Xob Cables
1. Optical Cables
• Muaj nuj nqi: Xa cov teeb liab kho qhov muag rau siab -kev sib txuas lus ceev cov ntaub ntawv (xws li Internet, xov tooj, thiab yees duab).
• Nruab nrab: iav los yog yas fiber ntau optical, xa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub teeb pulses.
• Ceev thiab Bandwidth: Bandwidth siab heev, mus txog Tbps, haum rau ultra-siab- tes hauj lwm ceev.
• Kev ncua deb: Kev sib kis deb tuaj yeem ncav cuag kaum lossis ntau pua mais nrog kev poob qis.
• Kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo: tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm electromagnetic, haum rau cov cheeb tsam nyuaj.
• Daim Ntawv Thov: Kev sib txuas lus qaum tes hauj lwm, cov chaw zov me nyuam, FTTH, kev lag luam tes hauj lwm.
2. Network Cable (Ethernet Cable)
• Muaj nuj nqi: Xa hluav taws xob teeb liab rau hauv cheeb tsam network (LAN) cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas lus.
• Nruab Nrab: Copper core (xws li twisted khub), ntau hom muaj xws li Cat5e, Cat6, thiab Cat7.
• Ceev thiab Bandwidth: Tsawg bandwidth; Cat6 txhawb nqa 10Gbps (nruab deb), Cat7 siab dua tab sis tseem qis dua li optical fiber ntau.
• Kev ncua deb: Kev sib kis deb feem ntau yog txwv rau 100 meters; Cov khoom siv repeater yog xav tau tshaj qhov ntawd.
• Kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam: cuam tshuam rau electromagnetic cuam tshuam; ib txheej thaiv thaiv (xws li STP cable) yuav tsum tau txhim kho kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam.
• Cov ntawv thov: Hauv tsev LANs, chaw ua haujlwm network, luv -kev sib txuas ntawm cov cuab yeej.
3. Hlau (Hwj chim Cables)
• Muaj nuj nqi: xa hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, muab lub zog rau cov khoom siv lossis cov tsev.
• Nruab nrab: tooj liab los yog txhuas core, encased nyob rau hauv rwb thaiv tsev thiab ib tug sheath.
• Ceev thiab Bandwidth: Xa lub zog nkaus xwb, tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv.
• Kev ncua deb: Kev sib kis deb ntawm ob peb meters mus rau ntau pua kilometers nyob ntawm qhov voltage thiab cable hom.
• Interference Resistance: rhiab heev rau electromagnetic cuam tshuam; Kev xaim kom raug yog yuav tsum tau kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv sib txuas lus.
• Kev siv: hluav taws xob hauv tsev, kev lag luam fais fab, kev xa hluav taws xob.
-Fiber optic cable tsis yog lub network cable lossis fais fab cable. Nws yog ib qho kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv, sib txawv kiag li hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob network (cov kab sib txuas lus uas xa hluav taws xob xaim hluav taws xob) thiab hluav taws xob cables (cov kab hluav taws xob uas xa hluav taws xob hluav taws xob). Thaum muaj qee qhov sib tshooj hauv cov ntawv thov ntawm fiber ntau optic cables thiab network cables hauv kev sib txuas lus (xws li hauv tsev broadband), fiber ntau optic cables muaj ntau dua bandwidth thiab kis tau tus mob ntau dua li network cables, thaum fais fab cables tsis muaj kev sib txuam nrog fiber ntau optic cables.
V. Daim Ntawv Thov Scenario ntawm Optical Fiber Cables
1. Kev sib txuas lus thiab Internet:
• Optical fiber cables tsim cov caj qaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb no internet, txuas intercontinental cov ntaub ntawv chaw zov me nyuam thiab kev sib txuas lus hauv paus chaw nres tsheb.
• Submarine optical cables (xws li Asia-Pacific Submarine Cable (APCN2)) tswj kev hla- cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau ciam teb, npog ntau txhiab mais deb.
2. Home Broadband (FTTH):
• Fiber rau Tsev (FTTH) thev naus laus zis ncaj qha txuas cov kab hluav taws xob kho qhov muag rau hauv tsev, muab 100 Mbps lossis txawm tias gigabit broadband.
• Fiber broadband kev pab them nqi tau tshaj 90%, tsav siab - bandwidth daim ntawv thov xws li 4K video thiab huab gaming.
3. Data Centers:
• Multimode optical cables yog siv nyob rau hauv cov chaw zov me nyuam los txuas cov servers thiab cov khoom siv cia, txhawb nqa huab xam thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv loj.
• Tib - hom kab hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob yog siv rau qhov ntev - kev sib txuas ntawm cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv.
4. Kev Lag Luam thiab Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam (IoT):
• Cov kab hluav taws xob kho qhov muag muab kev ruaj ntseg thiab siab - txhawb kev sib txuas lus ceev hauv kev tsim khoom ntse, kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob, thiab kev thauj mus los.
• Lawv cov yam ntxwv tiv thaiv - cuam tshuam yog tsim rau cov cheeb tsam nyuaj xws li cov chaw tsim khoom thiab kev tsheb ciav hlau.
5. Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb:
• Fiber optics yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv kho mob xws li endoscopes thiab laser phais.
• Kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb siv fiber ntau optics xa cov ntaub ntawv sim ntau heev.
VI. Kev xaiv thiab kev saib xyuas kev txiav txim siab rau Fiber Optic Cables
1. Cov lus pom zoo xaiv
• Qhia meej txog kev siv: Xaiv ib qho - hom fiber ntau optic cables rau tsev siv thiab multimode fiber optic cables rau cov chaw zov me nyuam.
• Tshawb xyuas cov ntawv pov thawj: Xaiv cov khoom uas ua raws li ITU-T qauv (xws li G.652, G.657).
• Hom kev xaiv: Ua qhov tseem ceeb zoo- cov npe nrov xws li Huawei, YOFC, thiab Corning.
• Cov khoom siv sib tw: xyuas kom cov fiber ntau optic cable sib xws nrog optical modules thiab connectors (xws li LC, SC).
2. Kev saib xyuas kev saib xyuas
• Tsis txhob khoov: Ib lub vojvoog me me hauv cov khoom siv fiber ntau tuaj yeem ua rau lub teeb liab qis.
• Cov khoom sib txuas huv: Siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb los ntxuav lub ntsej muag fiber ntau optic kom tsis txhob muaj plua plav cuam tshuam rau kev sib kis.
• Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua: Siv lub sij hawm kho qhov muag lub sij hawm domain reflectometer (OTDR) los xyuas seb cov fiber ntau optic cable puas thiab tawg.
• Kev Txhim Kho Kev Lag Luam: Fiber optic cable installation yuav tsum ua kom tiav los ntawm ib pab neeg ua haujlwm kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj.
Nrog rau kev siv dav dav ntawm 5G, IoT, thiab kev suav huab, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm fiber ntau cables yuav nce ntxiv. Kev nkag siab txog qhov xwm txheej thiab kev siv ntawm fiber ntau optic cables tsis tsuas yog pab kom meej meej cov kev xav tsis zoo xwb tab sis kuj muab kev taw qhia rau kev xaiv thiab siv cov cuab yeej muaj feem xyuam.